This is the first large-scale study to explore the role of recreational boating in the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS) across the Mediterranean Sea, and the effect of maintenance habits of boaters in the occurrence of NIS in hull fouling. Marinas and vessels were sampled across the Mediterranean Sea. A combined biological and social approach was used: classical taxonomic analysis, focused on peracarid crustaceans, assessment of ‘alien’ and ‘cryptogenic’ status and analysis of community patterns, plus behavioural questionnaires to boaters about vessel characteristics, maintenance and travel history. Our study revealed that 1) recreational vessels effectively carry and spread non-indigenous peracarids across the Mediterranean Sea (new country and new Mediterranean records were found). This fact results in a well-connected network of NIS assemblages in marinas that is progressively homogenizing communities. 2) Maintenance habits of boaters do affect the occurring of fouling. Multiple regression analysis suggested that boats with lenient cleaning habits that undertake long distances are more prompt to get fouled by Peracarida. We claim for awareness and highlight the need for implementation of educational programs addressed to authorities and boaters, as well as stress the need for resolving the uncertainty regarding challenging taxa (i.e. cryptogenic species).
ISCED Categories
The highlighted icons, represent the fields of education (in compliance with ISCED Classification) engaged during this course/programme.
